Quantum Key Distribution

Figure: Telescope on IQOQI Vienna pointing towards Bisamberg (for more, see [4]).

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technique for securely establishing symmetric cryptographic keys between two distant authenticated users, commonly called Alice and Bob. This key can then be used as a one-time pad to encrypt messages or any other cryptographic task. In contrast to key distribution protocols currently in use, the secrecy of keys obtained via QKD does not depend on assumptions about the computational hardness/complexity of certain mathematical problems (for example, factorization of large numbers). Therefore, they provide security even in the presence of an eavesdropper having access to quantum computers. There are two big families of QKD protocols — list of instructions Alice and Bob follow to establish a shared quantum key — Discrete Variable (DV) protocols and Continuous Variable (CV). DV-QKD protocols usually work with single photons and rely on single-photon detectors. For example, the most prominent member of this family of protocols is the well-known BB84 protocol which uses the polarization of photons to encode information. In contrast, CV-QKD protocols encode the information into the field-quadratures of laser light and only requires rather standard telecommunication equipment like photodiodes. Our group focusses mainly on DV-QKD and aims to turn our knowhow from entanglement distribution theory into novel ways of doing QKD and designing QKD protocols. Currently, we are working on ways to utilize high-dimensional entanglement to increase the noise-resistance and key rate of QKD protocols (see [1-4]).

References:

[1] Mirdit Doda, Marcus Huber, Glaucia Murta, Matej Pivoluska, Martin Plesch and Chrysoula Vlachou, Quantum Key Distribution Overcoming Extreme Noise: Simultaneous Subspace Coding Using High-Dimensional Entanglement, Phys. Rev. Appl. 034003 (2021), arXiv:2004.12824

[2] Xiao-Min Hu, Chao Zhang, Yu Guo, Fang-Xiang Wang, Wen-Bo Xing, Cen-Xiao Huang, Bi-Heng Liu, Yun-Feng Huang, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo, Xiaoqin Gao, Matej Pivoluska, and Marcus Huber, Pathways for Entanglement-Based Quantum Communication in the Face of High Noise Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 110505 (2021), arXiv:2011.03005

[3] Lukas Bulla, Matej Pivoluska, Kristian Hjorth, Oskar Kohout, Jan Lang, Sebastian Ecker, Sebastian P. Neumann, Julius Bittermann, Robert Kindler, Marcus Huber, Martin Bohmann, and Rupert Ursin, Nonlocal Temporal Interferometry for Highly Resilient Free-Space Quantum Communication, Phys. Rev. X 13, 021001 (2023), arXiv:2204.07536

[4] Lukas Bulla, Kristian Hjorth, Oskar Kohout, Jan Lang, Sebastian Ecker, Sebastian P. Neumann, Julius Bittermann, Robert Kindler, Marcus Huber, Martin Bohmann, Rupert Ursin, Matej Pivoluska, Distribution of genuine high-dimensional entanglement over 10.2 km of noisy metropolitan atmosphere, (2023), arXiv:2301.05724

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